Notes
Outline
Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators
QUARTZ CRYSTAL
RESONATORS AND OSCILLATORS
Frequency Control Web Site
Electronics Applications of Quartz Crystals
Frequency Control Device Market
Crystal Oscillator
Oscillator Acronyms
Crystal Oscillator Categories
Hierarchy of Oscillators
Clock Accuracy vs. Power Requirement*
Why Quartz?
Hydrothermal Growth of Quartz
Deeply Dissolved Quartz Sphere
The Piezoelectric Effect in Quartz
Modes of Motion
Motion Of A Thickness Shear Crystal
Resonator Vibration Amplitude Distribution
Overtone Response of a Quartz Crystal
Resonant Vibrations of a Quartz Plate
Frequency Jumps
Zero Temperature Coefficient Quartz Cuts
Resonator Packaging
What is Q and Why is it Important?
Decay Time, Linewidth, and Q
Internal Friction of Quartz
What is an “f-squared”?
Equivalent Circuits
Equivalent Circuit of a Resonator
Crystal Oscillator f vs. T Compensation
Watch Crystal
Quartz Tuning Fork
Quartz Wristwatch Accuracy vs. Temperature
The Units of Stability in Perspective
Idealized Frequency-Time-Influence Behavior
Aging and Short-Term Stability
Typical Aging Behaviors
Frequency vs. Temperature Characteristics
Warmup of AT- and SC-cut Resonators
TCXO Thermal Hysteresis
Apparent Hysteresis
TCXO Trim Effect
OCXO Retrace
OCXO Oven’s Effect on Stability
Effects of Harmonics on f vs. T
Activity Dips
Acceleration vs. Frequency Change
2-g Tipover Test
(
D
f vs. attitude about three axes)
Vibration-Induced Sidebands
Vibration-Induced Sidebands
After Frequency Multiplication
Random-Vibration-Induced Phase Noise
Acceleration Sensitivity vs. Vibration Frequency
Shock
Radiation-Induced Frequency Shifts
Ions in Quartz - Simplified Model
Sweeping
Frequency Change due to Neutrons
Neutron Damage
Other Effects on Stability
Interactions Among Influences
Why Do Crystal Oscillators Fail?
Oscillator Selection Considerations
Crystal Oscillator Specification: MIL-PRF-55310
Effects of Harmonics on f vs. T
Thermometric Beat Frequency Generation
Resonator Self-Temperature Sensing
Microcomputer Compensated Crystal Oscillator
(MCXO)
Langasite and Its Isomorphs
Frequency Control Web Site
Notes