IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

JULY 1999 Volume 46 Number 4

CONTENTS

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AWARDS
LETTERS
PAPERS
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Achievement Award of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society . . . 765

Distinguished Service Award of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society . . . 766

1997 Outstanding Paper Award of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society . . . 767

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Measurement of Elastic Modulus sD1 1 of Thin Film ZnO by Resonance Method
S. A. Jade and J. G. Smits... 768

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PAPERS

Heterodyning Technique to Improve Performance of Delta-Sigma-Based Beamformers
S. R. Freeman, M. K. Quick, M. A. Morin, R. C. Anderson, C. S. Desilets, T. E. Linnenbrink, and M. O'Donnell... 771

Echo Decorrelation from Displacement Gradients in Elasticity and Velocity Estimation
E. I. Céspedes, C. L. de Korte, and A.F.W. van der Steen... 791

Optimum Synthesis for Time Scale Generation
S. Zhu and G. Wei... 802

SAW/LSAW COM Parameter Extraction from Computer Experiments with Harmonic Admittance of a Periodic Array of Electrodes
J. Koskela, V. P. Plessky, and M. M. Salomaa... 806

Influence of Leaky Surface Acoustic Wave Velocity of Glass Substrates on Frequency Variation of ZnO/Glass SAW Filters
M. Kadota and T. Kitamura... 817

Drive Level Dependence of the Resonant Frequency in BAW Quartz Resonators and His Modeling
J. Nosek... 823

A Concentric-Ring Equivalent Phased Array Method To Model Fields of Large Axisymmetric Ultrasound Transducers
X. Fan, E. G. Moros, and W. L. Straube... 830

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Differential Phase Shift Keying SAW Correlator on GaAs
F. Moeller, J. Enderlein, M. A. Belkerdid, D. C. Malocha, and W. Buff... 842

Propagation Characteristics of Longitudinal Leaky SAW in Al-Grating Structure
A. Isobe, M. Hikita, and K. Asai... 849

Electromigration in Al Thin Films Induced by Surface Acoustic Waves: Application to Imaging
R. Tucoulou, M. Brunel, D. V. Roshchupkin, I. A. Schelokov, J. Colin, and J. Grilhé... 856

Transient Response Following Frequency or Amplitude Switching in a Cesium Beam Tube
F. Hamouda, C. Audoin, L. Chassagne, and R. Barillet... 861

Generation of Non-Rayleigh Speckle Distributions Using Marked Regularity Models
R. M. Cramblitt and K. J. Parker... 867

A Rod-Shaped Vibro Touch Sensor Using PZT Thin Film
T. Kanda, T. Morita, M. K. Kurosawa, and T. Higuchi... 875

The K-Distribution for Modeling the Envelope Amplitude of a Backscattered Signal
T. K. Keyes and W. T. Tucker... 883

Time Synchronization over the Internet Using and Adaptive Frequency-Locked Loop
J. Levine... 888

An Ultra-Precision XY
q_Z Piezo-Micropositioner Part I: Design and Analysis
S. H. Chang, C. K. Tseng, and H. C. Chien... 897

An Ultra-Precision XY
q_Z > Piezo-Micropositioner Part II: Experiment and Performance
S. H. Chang, C. K. Tseng, and H. C. Chien... 906

Thermal Dose Optimization for Ultrasound Tissue Ablation
H. Wan, J. Aarsvold, M. O'Donnell, and C. Cain... 913

Simulation of Surface Acoustic Wave Motor with Spherical Slider
T. Morita, M. K. Kurosawa, and T. Higuchi... 929

Phase Noise Performance of Microwave Analog Frequency Dividers Application to the Characterization of Oscillators up to the Millimeter-Wave Range
O. Llopis, M. Regis, S. Desgrez, and J. Graffeuil... 935

Use of GPS ASHTECH Z12T Receivers for Accurate Time and Frequency Comparisons
G. Petit, C. Thomas, Z. Jiang, P. Uhrich, and F. Taris... 941

Electro-Elastic Characteristics of Asymmetric Rectangular Piezoelectric Laminae
S. H. Chang and Y. C. Tung... 950

Multi-Layered PZT/Polymer Composites to Increase Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Resolution for Medical Ultrasound Transducers
D. M. Mills and S. W. Smith... 961

Theoretical Assessment of a Synthetic Aperture Beamformer for Real-Time 3-D Imaging
C. R. Hazard and G. R. Lockwood... 972

Residual Stress in Sputtered Gold Films on Quartz Measured by the Cantilever Beam Deflection Technique
G. Thornell, F. Ericson, C. Hedlund, J. Öhrmalm, J.-A. Schweitz, and G. Portnoff... 981

Frequency-Temperature Compensation in Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ Doped Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
J. G. Hartnett, M. E. Tobar, A. G. Mann, E. N. Ivanov, J. Krupka, and R. Geyer... 993

Carrier-Phase Time Transfer
K. M. Larson and J. Levine... 1001

Diffraction Field of a Low Frequency Vibrator in Soft Tissues Using Transient Elastography
S. Catheline, J.-L. Thomas, F. Wu, and M. A. Fink... 1013

Design and Fabrication of a High Performance Multilayer Piezoelectric Actuator with Bending Deformation
K. Yao, W. Zhu, K. Uchino, Z. Zhang, and L. C. Lim... 1020

Effective Electroelastic Moduli of 3-3(0-3) Piezocomposites
F. Levassort, M. Lethiecq, R. Desmare, and L. P. Tran-Huu-Hue... 1028

Torsional Rod Wave Scattering from Tapering Between Regions of Different Cross-Sections
H. E. Engan... 1035