IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,
and Frequency Control

CONTENTS

SPECIAL ISSUE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION

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Quartz Crystals vs. Their Environment: Time Bases or Sensors? (Keeping the World on Time and Your Tanks Full of Gas)
E. P. EerNisse. . . 773

Achievement Award. . . 774

Distinguished Service Award. . . 775

1998 Outstanding Paper Award. . . 776

The Relationship Between Ultrasonic Backscatter and Bone Mineral Density in Human Calcaneus
K. A. Wear and D. W. Armstrong. . . 777

SPECIAL ISSUE ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICITY

DEDICATION OF SPECIAL ISSUE TO CECIL E. LAND

DEDICATION OF SPECIAL ISSUE TO CECIL E. LAND. . . 781

SPECIAL ISSUE PAPERS

Introduction
A. Safari and A. Meitzler. . . 782

A Pulse-Based, Parallel-Element Macromodel for Ferroelectric Capacitors
A. Sheikholeslami, P. G. Gulak, H. Takauchi, H. Tamura, H. Yoshioka, and T. Tamura. . . 784

Single Crystal PZN/PT-Polymer Composites for Ultrasound Transducer Applications
T. Ritter, X. Geng, K. K. Shung, P. D. Lopath, S.-E. Park, and T. R. Shrout. . . 792

An Application of Polarized Domains in Ferroelectric Thin Films using Scanning Probe Microscope
H. Shin, K.-M. Lee, W.-K. Moon, J. U. Jeon, G. Lim, Y. E. Pak, J. H. Park, and K. H. Yoon . . . 801

Densification, Crystallization, and Electrical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Glass-Ceramics
B. Houng, C. Y. Kim, and M. J. Haun. . . 808

Compact Piezoelectric Stacked Actuators for High Power Applications
K. Yao, K. Uchino, Y. Xu, S. Dong, and L. C. Lim. . . 819

Improvement in Transient Piezoelectric Responses of NDE Transceivers Using Selective Damping and Tuning Networks
A. Ramos, J. L. San Emeterio, and P. T. Sanz . . . 826

Piezoelectric Micromotor Using a Metal-Ceramic Composite Structure
B. Koc, P. Bouchilloux, and K. Uchino. . . 836

Characterization of the Mechanical Nonlinear Behavior of Piezoelectric Ceramics
A. Albareda, P. Gonnard, V. Perrin, R. Briot, and D. Guyomar. . . 844

Dielectric Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Barium-Strontium-Titanate (Ba_0.4Sr_0.6TiO₃) Thin Films
S. Lahiry, V. Gupta, K. Sreenivas, and A. Mansingh. . . 854

Electrostrictive Ceramics for Low-Frequency Active Transducers
S. M. Pilgrim. . . 861

Effect of Germanium Doping on Pyroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Sn₂P₂S₆ Single Crystal
M. M. Maior, M. I. Gurzan, S. B. Molnar, I. P. Prits, and Y. M. Vysochanskii. . . 877

Electrostrictive Properties of Nanosize PbTiO₃
E. K. Akdogan and A. Safari. . . 881

Electroacoustic Evaluations of 1-3 Piezocomposite SonoPanel Materials
T. R. Howarth and R. Y. Ting. . . 886

Dielectric and Electromechanical Properties of Barium Titanate Single Crystals Grown by Templated Grain Growth
P. W. Rehrig, S. Trolier-McKinstry, S.-E. Park, and G. L. Messing. . . 895

PZT Thin Films for Microsensors and Actuators: Where Do We Stand?
P. Muralt. . . 903

A Study of Vacancy-Related Defects in (Pb,La) (Zr,Ti) O₃ Thin Films Using Positron Annihilation
T. Friessnegg, S. Aggarwal, B. Nielsen, R. Ramesh, D. J. Keeble, and E. H. Poindexter. . . 916

Nonlinear Behavior in a Piezoelectric Resonator: A Method of Analysis
J. E. García, R. Pérez, A. Albareda, and E. Minguella. . . 921

Electronic Structure and Total Energy of SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ by First-Principles Calculations
M.-H. Tsai and S. K. Dey. . . 929

Dense and Sparse 2-D Array Radiation Patterns in Lossy Media
P. Gori, G. Cincotti, and M. Pappalardo. . . 940

Finite Element Study on 1-D Array Transducer Design
W. Qi and W. Cao. . . 949

High Resolution Elasticity Imaging for Tissue Engineering
N. A. Cohn, B.-S. Kim, R. Q. Erkamp, D. J. Mooney, S. Y. Emelianov, A. R. Skovoroda, and M. O'Donnell. . . 956

SAW Device Implementation of a Weighted Stepped Chirp Code Signal for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communications Systems
S. E. Carter and D. C. Malocha. . . 967

Code Optimization for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and SAW-matched Filter Implementation
O. Hikino, M. A. Belkerdid, and D. C. Malocha. . . 974

Intracardiac Ultrasound Scanner Using A Micromachine (MEMS) Actuator
J. M. Zara, S. M. Bobbio, S. Goodwin-Johansson, and S. W. Smith. . . 984

An Object Transport System Using Flexural Ultrasonic Progressive Waves Generated by Two-Mode Excitation
B.-G. Loh and P. I. Ro. . . 994

Computer Model for Harmonic Ultrasound Imaging
Y. Li and J. A. Zagzebski. . . 1000

PSpice Simulation of Ultrasonic Systems
J. van Deventer, T. Löfqvist, and J. Delsing. . . 1014

Modeling and Analysis of Ultrasound Backscattering by Spherical Aggregates and Rouleaux of Red Blood Cells
B.-G. Teh and G. Cloutier. . . 1025

Class D Amplifier for a Power Piezoelectric Load
K. Agbossou, J.-L. Dion, S. Carignan, M. Abdelkrim, and A. Cheriti. . . 1036

Experimental Study of Construction Mechanism of V (z) Curves Obtained by Line-Focus-Beam Acoustic Microscopy
Y. Ono and J. Kushibiki. . . 1042

High Frequencey Ultrasound Detection of the Temporal Evolution of Protein Cross Linking in Myocardial Tissue
C. S. Hall, C. L. Dent, M. J. Scott, and S. A. Wickline. . . 1051

Piezoelectric Stepper Motor with Direct Coupling Mechanism to Achieve High Efficiency and Precise Control of Motion
A. E. Glazounov, S. Wang, Q. M. Zhang, and C. Kim. . . 1059

Evaluation and Selection of LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ Substrates for SAW Devices by the LFB Ultrasonic Material Characterization System
J. Kushibiki, Y. Ohashi, and Y. Ono. . . 1068

Numerical Simulations of Heating Patterns and Tissue Temperature Response due to High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
F. P. Curra, P. D. Mourad, V. A. Khokhlova, R. O. Cleveland, and L. A. Crum. . . 1077