ABSTRACT Conventional methods of measuring heating in vivo are invasive and therefore interfere with heat propagation. For the first time, ultrasound-induced temperature increases in living specimens have been estimated theoretically and measured experimentally using a noninvasive technique. In vivo ultrasound-induced temperature increases in the livers of rats show consistent results between: (1) a theoretical ultrasound point-source solution for a measured ultrasound source power of 4.3 W (2°C) and (2) a sensitive noninvasive magnetic resonance method with the cobalt (III) nucleus as a probe (2.0 ± 1.2°C).
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