Proceedings of the 1999 Joint Meeting of The European Frequency and Time Forum and The IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

Front Matter

Table of Contents

Awards Presentations and Special Events of the Joint Meeting

1999 Award Winners

Laser Cooling and Neutral Atom Clocks
- William D. Phillips

High Resolution with Ultracold Atoms Methods and Perspectives
- Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

Interrogation Oscillator Noise Rejection in the Comparison of Atomic Fountains
- S. Bize, Y. Sortais. P. Lemonde, S. Zhang, Ph. Laurent, G. Santarelli, C. Salomon, A. Clairon

Preliminary Accuracy Evaluation of a Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standard at NIST
- S. R Jefferts, D. M. Meekhof, J. H. Shirley, T. E. Parker, F. Levi

First Results of PTB's Atomic Caesium Fountain
- S. Weyers, A. Bauch, D. Griebsch, U. Hubner, R. Schroder, Ch. Tamm

Cesium Fountain Development at USNO
- E. Burt, T. Swanson and C. Ekstrom

Development of a Caesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standard at the NPL
- P. B. Whibberley, D. Henderson, and S. N. Lea

Compact Cesium Atomic Fountain Clock
- Mao Sheng Huang, A. Yao, Jin Long Peng, Chuan Chuan Chen, Shau Wei Hsu, Jen Ming Hsiao, C. S. Kou, Chia Shu Liao

Design & Preliminary Results of NIM Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standard
- Wang Liji, Wu Changhua, Huang Bingying, Li Mingshou, Qian Jin, Ji Wangxi

An Evaluation of the Collisional Frequency Shift in a ⁸⁷Rb Cold Atom Fountain
- Y. Sortais, S. Bize, C. Nicolas, M. Santos, C. Mandache, G. Santarelli, C. Salomon, A. Clairon

Laser-Cooled Rb Fountain Clocks
- Chad Fertig, Ron Legere, Wenko Suptitz, and Kurt Gibble

Recent Results of PTB's Primary Clock CS1
- Andreas Bauch, Bernd Fischer, Thomas Heindorff, and Roland Schroder

Progress on the BNM-LPTF Cesium Beam Frequency Standard
- A. Makdissi, J. P. Berthet and E. de Clercq

Frequency Shift Analysis Tools for High Performance Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard
- F. Hamouda, G. Theobald, P. Cerez and C. Audoin

Spurious Microwave Fields in Caesium Atomic Beam Frequency Standards: Symmetry Considerations and Model Calculations
- Klaus Dorenwendt, Andreas Bauch

Accuracy Evaluations and Frequency Comparison of NIST-7 and CRLO-01
- W. D. Lee, R. E. Drullinger, J. H. Shirley, C. Nelson, D. A. Jennings, L. O. Mullen, F. L. Walls, T. E. Parker, A. Hasegawa, K. Fukuda, N. Kotake, M. Kajita, and T. Morikawa

Evaluation of the First Brazilian Atomic Clock
- F. Tela, D. V. Magalhaes, M. S. Santos, G. D. Rovera, V. S. Bagnato

Comparison of Methods Aimed at Determining the Residual Cavity Phase Shifts in Small Cs Beam Clocks
- Luc Chassagne, Frederic Hamouda, Genevieve Theobald, Pierre Cerez, Claude Audoin

Experimental Test of a Diffused Laser Light Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard
- Jingbiao Chen, Fengzhi Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Donghai Yang

An Alternative Cold Cesium Frequency Standard: The Continuous Fountain
- G. Dudle, A. Joyet, E. Fretel, P. Berthoud, P. Thomann

Horace: Atomic Clock with Cooled Atoms in a Cell
- Emmanuel Guillot, Paul-Eric Pottie, Constance Valentin, Pierre Petit, Noel Dimarcq

Compact CW Cold Beam Cesium Atomic Clock
- Walter Buell and Bernardo Jaduszliwer

Study of a Bright, Slow, and Cold Cesium Source for a Continuous Beam Frequency Standard
- P. Berthoud, E. Fretel, and P. Thomann

Last Results on Charli, the LHA Atomic Clock Using Isotropic Light
- Ch Guillemot, P. Petit, C. Valentin, N. Dimarcq

Coherent Microwave Emission in Coherent Population Trapping Origin of the Energy and of the Quadratic Light Shift
- Jacques Vanier, Aldo Godone and Filippo Levi

Numerical Simulations of Atomic Behaviour for Several Configurations of Cold Cesium Atomic Clocks
- C. Valentin, N. Dimarcq, E. Fretel, G. Dudle, A. Joyet, and P. Thomann

Transparency Waveforms in Square Wave Frequency Modulated Vapor Cell Passive Frequency Standards, and Their Influence on Frequency Noise Aliasing
- A. De Marchi, M. Ortolano, N. Beverini

Limitation of the Frequency Stability by Local Oscillator Phase Noise: New Investigations
- R. Barillet, F. Hamouda, D. Venot, and C. Audoin

Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy of Cs Atoms Using Thin Vapor Cell: Application to Frequency Standards
- M. Tachikawa, K. Fukuda, M. Furukawa, S. Hayashi

High Contrast Doppler - Free Resonance on Cycling Transition F=3 - F'=2 D₂ Line of Cesium Atoms
- R. Gamidov, M. Cetintas, A. Ch. Izmailov

New Method to Induce Stimulated Raman Transitions
- D. Holleville

Higher Pole Linear Traps for Atomic Clock Applications
- John D. Prestage, Robert L. Tjoelker, and Lute Maleki

The CSIRO Trapped Yb Ion Clock Improved Accuracy Through Laser-Cooled Operation
- R. Bruce Warrington, Peter T. H. Fisk, Michael J. Wouters, Malcolm A. Lawn, Colin Coles

The Hydrogen Maser Cavity Step Autotuning: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results
- V. A. Logachcv

Compact Diode-Laser Based Rubidium Frequency Reference
- N. Vukicevic, A. S. Zibrov, L. Hollberg, F. L. Walls, J. Kitching and H. G. Robinson

Rb Frequency Standard with Expanded Operating Temperature Range (-55°C to +95°)
- T. McClelland, John Ho, I. Pascaru, C. Stone

PARCS: A Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space
- S. R. Jefferts, T. P. Heavner, L. W. Hollberg, J. Kitching, D. M. Meekhof, T. E. Parker, W. Phillips S. Rolston, H. G. Robinson, J. H. Shirley, D. B. Sullivan, F. L. Walls, N. Ashby, W. M. Klipstein, L. Maleki, D. Seidel, R. Thompson, S. Wu, L. Young, R. F. C. Vessot, A. De Marchi

Laser-Cooled Microgravity Clocks
- Chad Fertig, Kurt Gibble, Bill Klipstein, James Kohel, Lute Maleki, David Seidel, and Rob Thompson

ACES: A Time and Frequency Mission for the International Space Station
- S. Feltham, F. Gonzalez, P. Puech

Interrogation of Cold Atoms in a Primary Frequency Standard
- P. H. Laurent, P. Lemonde, M. Abgrall, G. Santarelli, F. Periera Dos Santos, A. Clairon, P. Petit, M. Aubourg

Clock Technology Development for the Laser Cooling and Atomic Physics (LCAP) Program
- W. M. Klipstein, R. J. Thompson, D. J. Seidel, J. Kohel, and L. Maleki

Long-Term Experience with Cesium Beam Frequency Standards
- John A. Kusters, Leonard S. Cutler, Edward D. Powers

An Analysis of Two Time Scale Algorithms Using Real Clock Data
- Ales Lepek, Demetrios N. Matsakis

Estimating the Stability of N Clocks with Correlations
- Christopher R. Ekstrom, Fred Torcaso, Eric A. Burt, and Demetrios N. Matsakis

Hydrogen Maser Ensemble Performance and Characterization of Frequency Standards
- Thomas E. Parker

Wavelet Model for the Time Scale
- Ke Xizheng, Jiao Licheng, Yang Tinggao, Wu Zhensen

The Application of Wavelet Transform to the Study of Time Prediction Errors in Clocks for Use in CDMA Digital Communication Systems
- Hitoshi Ujiie, Kazuyuki Maruo, Yasuaki Watanabe, Sigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto

Observations on Stability Measurements of Commercial Atomic Clocks
- Pekka Eskelinen

Multi-Channel GPS Time Transfer and Its Application to the Polish Atomic Time Scale
- J. Nawrocki, J. Azoubib, W. Lewandowski

Extension of the Ruggedized Time & Frequency System for Navy
- Jean-Francoh Schuh, Bruno Cailliez, Herve Belivier

Group-Delay Errors Due to Coherent Interference
- F. G. Ascarrunz, T. E. Parker, and S. R. Jefferts

Extension of Two-Way Satellite Time- And Frequency Transfer Method to Real-Time Operation and Carrier Phase Measurements
- Wolfgang Schafer, Alexander Pawlitzki, Torge Kuhn

A Study of Delay Instabilities Within a Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer Earth Station
- Setnam L. Shemar and John A. Davis

Aces Microwave Link Requirements
- P. Uhrich, P. Guillemot, P. Aubry, F. Gonzalez, C. Salomon

Measurements of Earth-Station Delay Instabilities Using a Delay-Calibration Device
- F. G. Ascarrunz, T. E. Parker, S. R. Jefferts

Concepts for High Precision Time and Frequency Transfer Between Earth and Space Clocks
- R. F. C. Vessot, D. Antsos, L. E. Young

Characterisation of NPL's Geodetic GPS Time Transfer Receivers
- Jon D. Clarke, John A. Davis and Andrew J. Lowe

Calibration of Carrier Phase GPS Receivers
- Lisa M. Nelson, Kristine Lars, Judah Levine

Processing Strategies for Accurate Frequency Comparison Using GPS Carrier Phase
- G. Petit, Z. Jiang, F. Taris, P. Uhrich, R. Barillet, F. Hamouda

Accurate Frequency Transfer: Progress in the Implementation of the GPS Carrier Phase Method at the BNM-LPTF
- F. Taris, P. Uhrich, G. Petit, Z. Jiang, R. Barrillet, F. Hamouda

Transatlantic Time and Frequency Transfer by GPS Carrier Phase
- G. Dudle, F. Overney, Th. Schildknecht, T. Springer, L. Prost

Precise Time Transfer Using GPS Carrier Phase-Based Techniques
- Jan Johansson and Kenneth Jaldehag

Kalman Filtering of a Frequency Instability Based on Motorola Oncore UT GPS Timing Signals
- O. E. Rudnev, Yu. S. Shmaliy, E. G. Sokolinskiy, A. Yu. Shmaliy, O. I. Kharchenko

Results in GPS System Time Restitution with Kalman Filters
- R. Kramer, J. Hahn, L. S. Schmidt

Effects of Antenna Cables on GPS Timing Receivers
- M. A. Weiss, F. G. Ascarrunz, T. Parker, V. Zhang, X. Gao

Some Tests of GLONASS Precise-Code Time Transfer
- J. Azoubib, W. Lewandowski, J. Nawrocki, D. Matsakis

Time Comparison of Atomic Clocks Using Counter and GPS System
- R. Gamidov, M. Cetintas

Common-View GPS Time Transfer Using Conventional Single Channel and Multi-Channel GPS Receivers
- T. R. Armstrong, P. T. H. Fisk, and M. A. Lawn

Kalman Smoothed Estimates of GPS Common-View Data
- Kenneth Jaldehag and Jan Johansson

Estimate of the GPS Block IIR AutoNav Clock Behavior
- Andy Wu

Timing Performance of Various GPS Receivers
- J. Mannermaa, K. Kalliomaki, T. Mansten, S. Turunen

The Development of a Computer Model of a GPS Disciplined Oscillator to Aid Error Budget Determination
- John A. Davis and Benedicte Rougeaux

Ultra Precise Time Dissemination System
- C. Lopes, B. Riondet

Reference Signal Generation and Management in SDH/WDM-Based Equipment and Networks
- Masami Kihara and Kenji Hisadome

Authenticating Time and Frequency Signals
- Judah Levine

Comparison of Distant Cs-Clock Monitoring Methods
- K. Kalliomaki, T. Mansten

The Effectiveness of Synchronization Systems of Local Clocks by Time Radiosignals
- K. G. Kinano, G. P. Pashe

Optimal Control Time Service System Byusing Telephone Line
- Yuan Haibo, By Yan, Feng Ping, He Kangyuan

Design and Implementation of 4 Ports Computer Time Service System in Taiwan
- C. C. Lin, and C. S. Liao

Performance of the Czech Standard Frequency Dissemination System Based on TV Networks
- Jan Cermak, Ludvik Sojdr, Otokar Buzek and Blanka Cemusova

10 MHz Hyperstable Quartz Oscillators Performances
- R. J. Besson, M. Mourey, S. Galliou, F. Marionnet, F. Gonzalez, P. Guillemot, R. Tjoelker, W. Diener, A. Kirk

100 MHz Crystal Oscillator with Extremely Low Phase Noise
- T. McClelland, C. Stone, and M. Bloch

A VHF Low Phase Noise Crystal Oscillator
- Houlan Zhou, Zequn Duan and Chunxiu Li

Fundamental Mode 155 MHz with Flat Blank in the Crystal Using VCXO
- Mitsuaki Koyama, Akio Chiba, Oji Koizumi, Yuuji Sato

Various Characteristics of Crystal Oscillator Which Applies Technology of IC
- Toshikatsu Makuta, Chisato Ishimaru, Masanobu Okazaki

Frequency Jump Characteristics Versus Temperature Changes in AT-Cut Bar Oscillators
- Mitsuo Nakazawa, Fumiaki Yamamoto and Tsuyoshi Imari

An Improvement Method of MCXO
- Wei Zhou, Zongqiang Xuan, Yanfeng Wang

CTXO, Clever Time Crystal Oscillator (Clock)
- David W. Allan, John A. Kusters, Charles E. Wheatley, III

Statistical Results from High Volume Production of Ultra Stable Precision Quartz Oscillators
- Evan Cantor and Manish Vaish

Triple Redundant Precision Frequency Reference for Commercial Space Applications
- C. Stone, P. Duckett, L. Terracciano, and M. Bloch

High Effective Q CMOS Crystal Oscillator Design
- Masahiro Toki

Digitally Compensated TCXO with a Low Phase Noise Characteristics.
- Eric Jacquet, Jean-Pierre Bardon, Olivier Bignon

The Microprocessor Compensated Crystal Oscillator - New Developments
- Edward Jackson, Brian Rose

A Stable Oscillator Circuit for Generators with Direct Temperature Controlled Crystal Unit
- B. P. Ionov

New Miniature Ultra-Stable Oscillators
- Vincent Candelier, Gerard Marotel, Didier Thorax, Claude Trialoup

Thermal Regulation of Double Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator DOCXO
- Francois Vignaud, Marc Lancien

High Stability, Miniature OCXO's for Severe Environmental Conditions: High Temperature Effects on Aging and Retrace Characteristics
- E. Girardet, B. Wolcoff

Drive-Level Dependence of Long-Term Aging in Quartz Resonators
- Yasuaki Watanabe, Naoto Fujita, Shigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto and Takeshi Uchida

New Sustaining Circuit for Precision Crystal Oscillators
- Luc A. Omlin, Corso G. Ferraris

Short-Term Characterization of GPS Disciplined Oscillators and Field Trial for Frequency of Italian Calibration Centres
- F. Cordara, V. Pettiti

Improved Oscillator Phase Noise Characteristic Under Harsh Environmental Conditions By Use of Mechanical Filters
- Patrick Renoult, Thierry Delhomme, Eric Leblond

Low DC-Driving-Voltage Crystal Oscillator
- Masahiro Toki

One Gigahertz Low Phase Noise Oscillator for on Board Avionic Applications
- O. Franquet, B. Wolcoff

Improved Aging Results Using Thick-Film Hybrid Packaging and Evacuated Miniature Ovenized Osclllators Using Such Packaging
- R. L. Clark, J. Li, J. Adler

Manufacturing Method of High Frequency Quartz Oscillators Over 1 GHz
- Yoshiaki Nagaura, Seiichi Yokomizo

Monolithic Microwave LC Oscillator Based on a Novel Phase Noise Characterization Method
- Johan van der Tang, Dieter Kasperkovitz, Prof. Holstlaan

Analysis of a Plate Piezoelectric Gyroscope by Equations for a Piezoelectric Parallelepiped
- J. S. Yang, H. Y. Fang and Q. Jiang

A New Numerical Technique for Search of Low-Attenuated Leaky Waves in Crystals
- N. F. Naumenko

Experimental Study of Vibrations of Mesa-Shaped AT-Cut Quartz Plates
- Shigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto and Yasuaki Watanabe

The Influence of the Electrode Multilayer Structure on the Quartz Resonator Parameters
- Irina Mateescu, Mihai Popescu, Florinel Sava, Hans Bradaczek

A New Approach to the Problem of Transmission Measurements of Quartz Resonator
- A. Lisowiec, M. Wojcicki, M. Sypniewski

Influence of Wafer Symmetry on the Dynamic Parameters of Rectangular Plates
- Georgios Pentovelis, Caroline Boudy, Veronique Jeannerot

The 311 Anharmonic Mode Vibration SC-Cut Resonator Excited by Lateral Field
- Krzysztof Weiss, Wieslaw Szuic, Bernard Dulmet, Roger Bourquin

Conductive Adhesive-Free Surface Mount Type High Frequency Fundamental Crystal Resonators by Gold Bump Bonding
- Hirokazu Iwata, Osamu Ishii

Effect of Crystal Orientation on Lapping and Polishing Processes of Natural Quartz
- Pedro L. Guzzo, Jose Daniel B. De Mello

Parameters Comparison of Different Resonators Excited by Lateral Field
- K. Weiss, W. Szulc, B. Gniewinska, A. Masiukiewz, B. Kalinowska

Frequency Spectrum of Localized Vibrations of Piezoelectric Resonator
- E. A. Ganenko, T. V. Emeliyanova, S. S. Nedorezov, Yu. S. Shmaliy

Multi-Frequency Resonator Array Using Laser Beam Twinning Technique
- Satoru Noge and Takehiko Uno

Structure and Morphology of Thin Al-Layers in Resonator's Systems After Rapid Thermal Annealing
- L. Spassov, K. Georgieva, M. Marinov

Cut-Independent Quartz Resonator Micromachining by Ion Track Lithography
- Hakan Rapp and Klas Hjort

Theoretical and Experimental Results for the Acceleration Sensitivity of Rectangular Crystal Resonators
- J. T. Stewart, P. Morley, D. S. Stevens

An Analysis of Frequency of a Quartz Crystal Tuning Fork by Sezawa's Approximation-The Effect of Clamped Position of Its Base
- Hideaki Itoh, Takashi Matsumoto

Vibration Modes of Piezoelectric Plates with Small Spatial Thickness Variation
- Helmut Nowotny, Norman Finger, Ewald Benes, Martin Groschl

Fraunhofer Diffraction by Vibrating Optical Slits on the Surface of a NS-GT Cut Quartz Crystal Resonator
- Sekiji Yamagata, Hirofumi Kawashima

Relations Between the Frequency-Temperature Dependence of the Fundamental and Third Harmonic of AT-Cut Quartz Plates
- J. Zelenka

Measurements of Interfacial Friction Using Quartz Crystal Resonators
- Alexander Laschitsch and Diethelm Johannsmann

Analysis of Parametric Noise in Quartz Crystal Oscillators
- L. Couteleau, R. Brendel, G. Marianneau, N. Ratier, P. Guillemot

Detecting Weak Modes in Rectangular Quartz Plates by Measuring Surface Charges
- Yasuaki Watanabe, Tomohiko Tanaka, Shigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto

Modifications Made to a COTS Rb Std for Use Under Stressed Operating Conditions
- Stephen R. Cantor, Avinoam Stem, Michele J. DiFranza, Benny Levy, Yacov Agam

Use of Plastics Parts in MIDS at Marconi CNI
- Kamal K. Bahri

Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits (PEMS) in the MIDS Program
- Michel Dieumegard

PEMS They Are Used Successfully in Hi-Rel Avionics
- John Fink

Temperature Control for Sub-10^-16 Fractional Frequency Stability
- Mark Oxborrow, Clifford C. Hodge, Bill Radcliffe

Stability and Phase Noise Tests of Two Cryo-Cooled Sapphire Oscillators
- G. John Dick and Rabi T. Wang

Future Trends in the Development of Ultra-Low Noise Microwave Oscillators with Interferometric Signal Processing
- E. N. Ivanov and M. E. Tobar

A New Method for the Design of Ultra Low Noise Oscillators
- E. Vaury, V. Giordano, J. C. Nallatamby, J. Groslambert, M. Camiade, M. Prigent, O. Llopis, E. Gonzalez, M. Chaubet, J. Obregon

Performance Evaluation of Optoelectronic Oscillators
- S. Romisch, J. Kitching, E. Ferre-Pikal, L. Hollberg, F. L. Walls

Opto-Electronic Oscillator Incorporating Carrier Suppression Noise Reduction Technique
- X. Steve Yao, Lute Maleki, and John Dick

Suggestions for Finding Optimum Materials and Manufacturing Methods for Metallic Microwave Cavity Resonators
- Harri Eskelinen

Measurements of Low-Loss Crystalline Materials for High-Q Temperature Stable Resonator Applications
- Michael E. Tobar, Jerzy Krupka, John G. Hartnett, Richard G. Geyer, Eugene N. Ivanov

Applications of Coupled Dielectric Resonators Using SrTiO₃ Pucks: Tuneable Resonators and Novel Thermometry
- J. C. Gallop, L. Hao

Compact Temperature-Compensated Cryogenic Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator Operated at 6.3 K in a Closed Cycle Cooler
- L. Hao, N. Klein, J. C. Gallop, and M. Winter

Thermal Stabilization of Microwave Sapphire Resonator References
- Y. Kersale, V. Giordano, F. Lardet Vieudrun, F. Lajoie, M. Chaubet

High-Q Whispering Gallery Travelling Wave Resonators for Oscillator Frequency Stabilisation
- Michael E. Tobar, Eugene N. Ivanov, Pierre Blondy, Dominique Cros, Pierre Guillon

High-Q SiO₂ Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator
- V. Giordano, R. Barhaila, D. Cros, G. Duchiron

Microwave Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonator Oscillator
- S. L. Badnikar, N. Shanmugam and V. R. K. Murthy

A Miniaturized Microwave Resonator for Rubidium Frequency Standards
- G. H. Mei and J. T. Liu

Continuous Frequency Control from 5 to 10 GHz of an Optical Oscillator
- O. Frazao, P. Tavares, A. F. Cunha, L. Ribeiro, J. Ferreira da Rocha

1.5 - 40 GHz Multifunctional Microwave Sampling Converter
- Arcady M. Schitov

A Highly Stable, Phase Coherent, Wideband Microwave Synthesizer for Radio Astronomy Applications
- G. H. Tan

The Adiabatic Anti-Jitter Circuit
- M. J. Underhill

Cs Frequency Synthesis: A New Approach
- A. Sen Gupta, D. Popovic, and F. L. Walls

The Measurement of Large Optical Frequency Differences and the Design of a New Type of Frequency Chain
- Thomas Udem, Jorg Reichert, Ronald Holzwarth, and Theodor Hansch

Frequency Stability Limits of Optical Frequency Intervals in New Generation Optical-To-Microwave Frequency Chains
- R. P. Kovacich, and A. N. Luiten

Sub-Systems for Optical Frequency Measurements: Application to the 282 nm ¹⁹⁹Hg⁺ Transition and the 657nm Ca Line
- B. Frech, J. S. Wells, C. W. Oates, J. Mitchell, Yu-Ping Lan, T. Kurosu, L. Zink, L. Hollberg, T. Zibrova, B. C. Young, J. C. Bergquist

Optical Frequency Synthesis
- A. N. Luiten, J. J. McFerran and R. P. Kovacich

Generation of Coherent Optical Radiation by Electronic Means: The Electro-Optical Parametric Oscillator
- A. Wolf and H. R. Telle

Absolute Frequency Measurement in Mid Infrared
- G. D. Rovera, O. Acef, and A. Clairon

Optical Frequency Synthesis in the Near IR with Application to Trapped Ion Standards
- S. N. Lea, G. Huang, H. S. Margolis, G. M. MacFarlane. P. Taylor, and P. Gill

Phase Coherence in Optical Frequency Measurement and Synthesis
- G. Kramer, B. Lipphardt, U. Huebner

Measurement Methods of Frequency Noise in Optical Sources Based on Fabry-Perot Discriminators
- E. Bava, G. Galzerano, and C. Svelto

Toward a 3:1 Frequency Divider Based on Parametric Oscillation Using AgGaS₂ and PPLN Crystals
- A. Doljillet, J.-J. Zondy, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko

Ultra-Stable Optical Frequencies for Space
- Clifford C. Hodge, Hugh A. Klein, David J. E. Knight, Lute Maleki

Fabry-Perot Resonator with Interferometric Read-Out for Low Noise Applications
- Michael E. Tobar

Development Towards a Space Qualified Laser Stabilization System in Support of Space-Based Optical Interferometers
- David J. Seidel, Serge Dubovitsky

¹⁹⁹Hg⁺ Optical Frequency Standard: Progress Report
- R. J. Rafac, B. C. Young, F. C. Cruz, J. A. Beall, J. C. Bergquist, W. M. Itano. and D. J. Wineland

Towards an Indium Single-Ion Optical Clock
- E. Peik, J. Abel, Th. Becker, M. Fries, J. von Zanthier, H. Walther

Development of an Optical Frequency Standard Based Upon the ²S_1/2-²D_5/2 Transition in Sr⁺
- G. P. Barwood, P. Gill, G. Huang and Ha Klein

Near-Recoil- Limited Temperatures Obtained by Laser Trapping on the Narrow ¹S₀ - ³P₁ Intercombination Transition of Neutral Strontium
- Kurt R. Vogel, Timothy P. Dinneen, Alan Galagher, and John L. Hall

Probing Ca⁺ Ions in a Miniature Trap
- M. Knoop, M. Herbane, M. Houssin, T. Pawletko, M. Vedel, and F. Vedel

The Optical Ca Frequency Standard
- F. Riehle, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, G. Zinner, T. Trebst, T. Binnewies, G. Wilpers, J. Helmcke

All-Diode-Laser Optical Frequency Standard Based on Laser-Trapped Ca Atoms
- C. W. Oates, F. Bondu, and L. Hollberg

Present Performance of the Transportable He-Ne/CH₄ Optical Frequency Standards
- M. Gubin, A. Shelkovnikov, E. Kovalchuk, D. Krylova, E. Petrukhin, D. Tyurikov

Performances of OsO₄ Stabilized CO₂ Lasers as Optical Frequency Standards Near 29 THz
- F. Ducos, G. D. Rovera, C. Daussy, O. Acef

Single Ion Spectroscopy of Ytterbium
- M. Roberts, P. Taylor, P. Gill

Cs-Referenced Optical Frequency Measurement of the Single, Trapped Sr⁺ Ion Standard at 445 THz
- J. E. Bernard, A. A. Madej, L. Marmet, K. J. Siemsen, and B. G. Whitford

Progress in the Development of an Optical Frequency Standard at 192.6 THz Based on a Two-Photon Transition of Rubidium Atoms at Laval University
- C. Latrasse, M. Poulin, D. Touahri, M. Allard and M. Tetu

Experimental Characterization of FM Spectroscopy of ¹²⁷I₂ at 532 nm Using a Frequency-Doubled Nd:Yag Laser
- G. Galzerano, C. Svelto, P. Ceriani, L. Re, F. Bertinetto, E. Bava

Compact, Broadly Tunable Mid-IR Source for the Spectroscopic Investigation of Molecular Reference Lines in the 27 to 33 THz Range
- T. Kaing and J.-J. Zondy, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov and L. Isaenko

Toward the Realization of a Frequency Standard at 1.5 µm Based on Narrow-Linewidth Erbium Lasers and Saturated Acetylene Lines
- A. Onae, C. Svelto, K. Nakagawa, G. Galzerano, S. Taccheo, P. Laporta, and E. Bava

Absolute Frequency Measurements with a Set of Transportable Methane Optical Frequency Standards
- O. Acef, A. Clairon, G. D. Rovera, F. Ducos, L. Hilico, G. Kramer, B. Lipphardt, A. Shelkovnikov, E. Kovalchuk, E. Petrukhin, D. Tyurikov, M. Petrovskiy, M. Gubin, R. Felder, P. Gill, S. Lea

Contribution to the Determination of High-Order Elastic Stiffnesses from the Measurement of Bt-Cut Quartz Resonators
- Jaroslav Nosek, Lenka Kretschmerova, Petr Kretschmer

Calculations of Parameters of BAW Microwave Composite Resonators
- B. Dulmet, G. D. Mansfeld

Extensional Vibrations of Piezoelectric Crystal Plates and Strips
- P. C. Y. Lee and Nicholas P. Edwards

Synthetic Modeling of Quartz Crystal Oscillator
- R. Brendel, N. Ratier, L. Couteleau, G. Marianneau, F. Lardet-Vieudrin, P. Guillemot

Investigation of Excitation Circuit Influence on Crystal Oscillator F-T Curve Local Disturbances
- Alexander Lepetaev, Anatoly Kosykh

Characterization of Low-Dislocation Synthetic Quartz Grown on Highly Distorted Seed by X-Ray Topography
- Armando H. Shinohara, Marcos C. Iano, Carlos K. Suzuki, Yutaka Mikawa

High Voltage Diffusion Along 2- And X-Axes on Quartz Crystal
- M. Smaali, J. J. Boy, J. B. Briot

New Technique to Decrease Dislocations in Synthetic Quartz Crystal
- Yutaka Mikawa, Motohide Hatanaka, Yasutaro Banno

Hydrogen and Its Radiation Effects in Quartz Crystals
- Harish Bahadur

Mathematical Model for Computer Simulation of Quartz Hydrothermal Growth
- M. A. Arkhipov

Isochronism Defect for Various Doubly Rotated Cut Quartz Resonators
- N. Gufflet, R. Bourquin, J. J. Boy

A Layerwise Plate Theory for the Vibrations of Electroded Crystal Plates
- Ji Wang, Jiun-Der Yu, Yook-Kong Yong, Tsutomu Imai

Relationship Between Quartz Crystal Orientation and the Surface Quality Obtained by Ultrasonic Machining
- Pedro L. Guzzo, Alberto A. Raslan, Jose Daniel B. De Mello

Trapped-Energy Vibratory Gyroscopes Using Rotated Y-Cut LiNbO₃
- Kiyoshi Nakamura and Masahiro Ohsaki

Internal Stress in Sputtered Gold Electrodes and Its Significance for Quartz Resonators
- Greger Thornell, Fredric Ericson and Guy Portnoff

Direct Bonding for True All Quartz Package and New Resonator Designs
- Orjan Vallin, Pelle Rangsten

Batch Fabrication of AT-Cut Crystal Resonators Up to 200 MHz
- Christian Wuthrich, Silvio Dalla Piazza, Urs Ruedi, Bruno Studer

A Comprehensive Mapping of Surface Acoustic Wave Properties on Gallium Orthophosphate (GaPO₄ )
- E. Henry Briot, E. Bigler, W. Daniau, G. Marianneau and A. Pakfar

Langasite, Langanite, and Langatate Resonators: Recent Results
- R. C. Smythe, R. C. Helmbold, G. E. Hague, K. A. Snow

Growth of High Quality Single Domain Crystals of Langasite Family Compounds
- B. Chai, H. Qiu, Y. Y. Ji and J. L. Lefaucheur

Synthesis, Growth and Some Properties of Single Crystals with the Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ Structure
- B. V. Mill, Yu. V. Pisarevsky, E. L. Belokoneva

Langasite: What Temperature Coefficients of Material Constants Are Correct?
- Rinat M. Taziev

Investgation of Phase Forming at Synthesis of Langasite - Piezoelectric
- M. F. Dubovik, T. I. Korshikova, O. M. Proskumya

Modern State and Perspectives of Bulk Acoustic Wave Composite Resonators
- G. D. Mansfeld

Some Applications of a Stereographic Analysis of Etching Shapes for Structures Micromachined in Singly and Doubly Rotated Quartz Plates
- C. R. Tellier and T. G. Leblois

Complete X-Ray Orientation Determination of Quartz Bars Using a Small Scanning Range
- H. Berger, H. Bradaczek, and G. Hildebrandt

Theoretical Analysis of the Second Stop-Band of Rayleigh Waves Propagation on Periodically Corrugated Anisotropic Substrates
- Bernard Dulmet, Herve Watchueng, Jean-Bernard Briot

Scattering Matrix Approach to One Port SAW Resonators
- Waldemar Soluch

Characterization of Single-Port Surface Transverse Wave Resonators in the Lover GHz Range
- Ivan D. Avramov

Theoretical and Experimental Evidence for Superior Intrinsic Q of STW Devices on Rotated Y-Cut Quartz
- John A. Kosinski, Robert Pastore, Ivan D. Avramov

Sensitivity of STW Resonators to Radial In-Plane Stress Effects: Theory and Experiments
- S. Ballandras, W. Daniau, E. Henry-Briot, G. Marianneau, G. Martin

Design of STW Resonators on Langasite Using Experimentally Determined COM Parameters
- I. S. Mitrofanov, A. V. Perevalov, E. Bigler

Low-Loss DECT-IF SAW Filters Without Matching Networks
- S. A. Dobershtein, V. A. Malyukhov

Experimental Measurements of Velocities and Temperature Effects for SAW on Y-Rotated and X-Cuts of Langasite
- E. Henry Briot, E. Bigler, S. Ballandras, G. Marianneau and M. Solal

Dispersion of SAW Velocity and Transformation of SAW Into the Bulk Waves in Reflective Gratings
- V. F. Dmitriev, I. S. Mitrofanov

The Design Verification Module for a SAW Design Automation System
- M. J. McCollister and S. M. Richie

The Effect of Diffraction on the Dispersive Delay Lines Performance
- A. Milewski, S. Gawor

Design of SAW Filters with Two Apodised In-Line Transducers on Quartz
- J. Renger and B. Wall

Acoustooptic Method for Measurements of SAW Steering Beam Angle and SAW Velocity in an Anisotropic Solid
- A. V. Tsarev, E. A. Kolosovsky

LSAW Attenuation in Double-Layer-Systems
- Paul Wallner, Werner Ruile, Robert Weigel

GHz-Range Surface Acoustic Wave Low Loss Filter at Super Low Temperature
- Kazuhiko Yamanouchi, Hideyuki Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Odagawa

Frequency-Temperature Effects in Three-Dimensional Surface Acoustic Wave Periodic Structures
- Yook-Kong Yong, and Shigeo Kanna

Swept Frequency Acoustic Time Domain Reflection Measurements
- Scott K. Frederick, Mitch Chou, Donald C. Malocha

Design and Fabrication Technology of Low Loss and High Frequency SAW Devices for Mobile Radio Phones
- Jun Yamada

Reflector-Filter Using a SAW Waveguide Directional Coupler for IF Applications in CDMA System
- Jun Tsutsumi, Takashi Matsuda, Osamu Ikata and Yoshio Satoh

4-Pole SAW-Coupled-Resonator Filters with Solely Acoustic Proximity Coupling
- Thomas J. Johannes

An SAW Filter Employing Weighted Reflector and a Multistrip Coupler
- Y. Kaneda, M. Tajima, T. Omori, K. Hashimoto, M. Yamaguchi, J. Tsutsumi, O. Ikata, Y. Satoh

A Mixed Transverse Modes and Angular Spectrum of Waves Model for the Analysis of SAW Transversely Coupled Resonators Filters
- Marc Solal

The Use of Design of Experiments for the Optimization of Deposited Glass on SAW Filters
- F. S. Hickernell and H. D. Knuth

Nonequidistant Uniform-Beam-Profile IDTs in Broadband SAW Filters
- Evgeniy V. Bausk and Evgeniy A. Kolosovsky

Leaky SAW Branches Coupled with Oblique Acoustic Axes in Trigonal Crystals
- V. G. Mozhaev, F. Bosia, and M. Weihnacht

On the Excitation of Surface and Pseudo-Surface Quasi-Bulk Waves
- A. N. Darinskii and N. F. Naumenko

The Dissipative QCM-D Technique: Interfacial Phenomena and Sensor Applications for Proteins, Biomembranes, Living Cells and Polymers
- F. Hook, M. Rodahl, C. Keller, K. Glasmastar, C. Fredriksson, Patrik Dahlqvist, B. Kasemo

Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Sensors Using Mode Conversion in an Array of Periodic Gratings
- Florian Bender, Reiner Dahint, Fabien Josse

Acoustic Emission Sensor for Identification of Chemical Reactions
- R. M. Lec, P. A. Lewin, M. Musavi, S. W. Bang, S. Goel, S. Kwoun and E. Radulescu

Effects of a Liquid Layer on Thickness-Shear Vibrations of Rectangular AT-Cut Quartz Plates
- P. C. Y. Lee and R. Huang

Signal Amplification with Multilayer Arrangements on Chemical Quartz-Crystal-Resonator-Sensors
- Ralf Lucklum, C. Behling, and P. Hauptmann

Gas Phase Chemical Detection with an Integrated Chemical Analysis System
- Stephen A. Casalnuovo, Gregory C. Frye-Mason, Richard J. Kottenstette, Edwin J. Heller, Carolyn M. Matzke, Patrick R. Lewis, Ronald P. Manginell, Susan L. Hietala, W. Kent Schubert, Vincent M. Hietala, Darryl Y. Sasaki, and John L. Reno

The Use of Dextran as an Intermediate Layer: A New Approach Towards SAW Based Biosensors
- N. Barie, M. Rapp, H. Sigrist

Sensing of Organic Vapor Adsorption on Gold Using a Temperature Insensitive Microbalance
- Yoonkee Kim, Daniel E. Pierce

Latex Piezoelectric Immunoassay: Its Application for Clinical & Environmental Analysis
- Shigeru Kurosawa, Makoto Muratsugu, Chikashi Nakamura, Hidenobu Aizawa, Norihiko Minoura, Jun Miyake, Minoru Yoshimoto, Naoki Kamo

Chemical Identification Using Internal Friction and Frequency Measurements on a Polymer Coated Resonator
- R. A. Kant, C. L. Daly, Huey-Daw Wu

Wirelessly Interrogable Acoustic Sensors
- F. Seifert, A. Pohl, R. Steindl, L. Reindl, M. J. Vellekoop, B. Jakoby

Long-Term Stability and Performance Characteristics of Crystal Quartz Gauge at High Pressures and Temperatures
- N. Matsumoto, Y. Sudo, B. Sinha, M. Niwa

Solving the Cable Problem Between Crystal Sensor and Electronics by Use of a Balanced Bridge Oscillator Circuit
- E. Benes, M. Schmid, M. Groschl, P. Berlinger, H. Nowotny, K.C. Harms

Identification with SAW Devices in Passive Remote Telemetry Systems
- W. Buff, J. Ehrenpfordt, St. Klett, M. Rusko and M. Goroll

State of the Art in Signal Processing for Wireless SAW Sensing
- Alfred Pohl

The Interferometric Frequency Measurement with Variable Acoustooptic Delay Line
- V. V. Kludzin, S. V. Kulakov, V. V. Molotok, L. N. Preslenev

The VIA Vibrating Beam Accelerometer: A New Quartz Micromachined Sensor
- O. Le Traon, F. Deyzac, D. Janiaud, S. Muller

Quartz Resonant Micro-Structures as Sensing Elements for Temperature Sensors
- T. G. Leblois and C. R. Tellier

Quartz Microresonator Temperature Sensors Using Lame Mode
- H. Kawashima, H. Kanie, and S. Yamagata

The Principle of Pressure-Temperature Transducer of Quartz Crystal Resonator
- Ruigao Jia

ALC Crystal Oscillators Based Pressure and Temperature Integrated Measurement System for High Temperature Oil Well Applications
- R. A. Bianchi, J. M. Karam, B. Courtois

Microwave Oscillator as a Sensor of Electrophysics Flow Parameters
- V. V. Boloznev and E. V. Safonova

Propagation of Lamb Waves in 1-3 Piezocomposite Bordered by Liquids
- F. Teston, G. Feuillard and M. Lethiecq

Piezoelectric Hydrogen Sensor on the Base of WO₃-Pd Films
- I. A. Ges, B. A. Budkevich

Optimization of Sensing Film for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Odor Sensor Using Self-Assembly Deposition Method
- A. Saitoh, T. Nomura, S. Munoz and T. Moriizumi

Methods of Harmful Effects Limitation in SAW Gas Sensors
- Judyta Hechner, Waldemar Soluch, Tadeusz Wrobel

Surface Acoustic Wave Vapor Sensor Using Ultrathin Mutilayer Films
- T. Nomura, A. Saitoh, S. Furukawa

An Attempt for NH₃ Detection Based on Quartz Resonator with Thin SnO₂ Film
- V. Georgieva, L. Spassov, V. Georgiev

Automatic Ultrasonic Measurement of Sound Velocity in Liquids by a Phase Locked Loop Method
- Kiyoshi Ikeda

Total Variance Explained
- D. A. Howe

Noise Predictions for Optoelectronic Oscillators Using Different Models
- S. Romisch and A. De Marchi

A Practical Method to Process Time and Frequency Signal
- Wei Zhou, Zhiyong Li

Estimation of the Power Spectral Density of Phase: Comparison of Three Methods
- Francois Vernotte

Limited Live-Time Measurements of Frequency Stability
- D. A. Howe and E. E. Hagn

Phase Noise Evaluation Digital Algorithm for Precision Oscillations
- D. K. Bogomoiov, D. S. Ochkov

Direct Approach to MTIE Calculation
- Andrzej Dobrogowski, Michal Kasznia

Correlation-Based Noise Measurements Below the Thermal Noise Floor
- Enrico Rubiola, Vincent Giordano

Characterization of Phase Errors Using Gray Dynamic Model
- Ching-Haur Chang and Chia-Shu Liao

Correlation of Frequency Hopped VCO Phase Settling to Varactor Transient Capacitance
- L. A. Mallette, M. J. Delaney, S. Killman, T. Folk, B. Wong

Spurious Signals in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Due to the Phase Truncation
- Venceslav F. Kroupa, Vaclav Cizek, Jarmil Stursa, and Hana Svandova

On the Frequency and Amplitude Spectrum and the Fluctuations at the Output of a Communication Receiver
- M. Planat

Evaluation of Passive Component Short-Term Stability Via Use in Low Loop Delay Oscillators
- M. M. Driscoll

A Study of the Frequency Stability Limits of Oscillators Based on Sapphire Dielectric Resonators
- J. G. Hartnet, E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar

Investigation of Dual-Mode Excitation of Crystal Oscillator
- Anatoly V. Kosykh, Alexander N. Lepetaev, Sergey A. Zavjalov

Noise in Oscillators with Two Asynchronous Oscillations
- Dmitry P. Tsarapkin, Fred L. Walls

Experimental Studies of Noise in a Dual Mode Oscillator
- H. Ascarrunz, F. L. Walls, E. S. Ferre-Pikal, D. Tsarapkin, and J. Vig

Phase-Noise Measurement in Dual-Mode SC-Cut Crystal Oscillators
- Yasuaki Watanabe, Toshihito Okabayashi, Shigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto

Flicker Noise Measurement of HF Quartz Resonators
- J. Groslambert, V. Giordano, M. Brunet, E. Rubiola

PM Noise Measurements of 10 MHz BVA Quartz Crystal Resonators Using a Phase Bridge System with Carrier Suppression
- F. Sthal, M. Mourey, F. Marionnet, W. F. Walls

PM and AM Noise in Nonlinear BJT Amplifier
- V. N. Kuleshov

PM and AM Noise in Common Base Amplifier
- T. I. Boldyreva, V. N. Kuleshov

PM and AM Noise of BJT Amplifiers with Quartz Crystal Resonator in Emitter Circuit
- T. I. Boldyreva

Quantum 1/f Quartz Resonator Theory Versus Experiment
- Peter H. Handel

Definition of Phase Spectral Density of a Crystal Resonator Through Its Equivalent Parameter 1/f Noises
- Yuriy S. Shmaliy

Quantum 1/f Quartz Resonator Theory Versus Experiment
- Peter H. Handel

A Phenomenological Model of 1/f Noise
- Dmitry P. Tsarapkin

A Generic Generation of 1/f Noise in Locked Systems Working in Nonlinear Mode
- Serge Dos Santos, Michel Planat

End Matter

Author Index

End Matter, Continued