2000 - 54th Annual Symposium

Front Matter

Table of Contents

2000 IEEE and EIA Awards

Finding Space on Earth: The Quest for Longitude 1500-1800
- William J. H. Andrewes

Time and Time Again: The Effects of Biological Rhythms on Human Health and Performance
- Donald L. McEachron

Artificial Electronic Tongue in Comparison to the Electronic Nose - State of the Art and Trends
- Joerg Auge

A Review of Sensor Sensitivity and Stability
- John R. Vig and Fred L. Walls

Ion Storage Techniques and Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Physical Forensic Science
- David M. Chambers and Louis I. Grace

Treatment of Slip in a Generalized Acoustic Load Concept
- Ralf Lucklum, Glen Mchale

Evaluation of Love Waves Chemical Sensors to Detect Organophosphorus Compounds: Comparison to SAW and SH-APM Devices
- Celine Zimmermann, Dominique Rebiere, Corinne Dejous, Jacques Pistre, Evelyne Chastaing

A Novel Polymer Nanofiber Interface for Chemical Sensor Applications
- Sun Jong Kwoun, Ryszard M. Lec, Baohua Han and Frank K. Ko

Comparative Studies on Polymer Coated SAW and STW Resonators for Chemical Gas Sensor Applications
- I. D. Avramov, M. Rapp, A. Voigt, U. Stahl and M. Dirschka

Thermal Transient Studies of Anharmonic Sensors of Aging of Precision AT-Cut Crystal Resonator
- Yuriy S. Shmaliy, Anatoliy V. Marienko, Oleksandr Ph Kurotchku, Miguel Torres-Cisneros, Oscar Ibarra-Manzano

New Force Sensor Based on a Double Ended Tuning Fork
- Christine Barthod, Claudine Gehin

Analysis of a Few Piezoelectric Gyroscopes
- J. S. Yang, H. Y. Fang, Q. Jiang

Simple Solution-Concentration Sensor with Temperature Compensation Using Ultrasonic Waves
- Kiyoshi Ikeda

Quartz Crystal Element for Angular Rate Sensor
- Hideryo Matsudo, Minoru Ishihara, Syusaku Kawasaki, Jyunich Yukawa, and Masakazu Hatanka

Determination of the Frequency of Oscillations in the Auto-Dyne's Sensor Under the Regular and Casual Temperature Mode Variations
- Viktor V. Boloznev, Ekaterina V. Safonova

Application of Novel Sensor Electronics for Quartz Resonators in Artificial Tongue
- Peter Hauptmann, Ralf Borngraeber, Jens Schroeder, Joerg Auge

Design, Manufacturing, and Characterization of High-Frequency Thickness-Shear Mode Resonators
- Jens Rabe, Stephanus Buttgenbach, Bernd Zimmermann, Peter Hauptmann

Langasite Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for High Temperatures
- M. Honal, R. Fachberger, T. Holzheu, E. Riha, E. Born, P. Pongratz, A. Bausewein

Frequency and Equivalent Circuit Constant Characteristics Versus Relative Humidity for AT-Cut Quartz Resonators
- Yoshiro Shimamoto, Mayumi Kuroiwa, Nariaki Teramoto, Satoru Wakamoto, Hitoshi Imai, Mitsuo Nakazawa

Quadric Analysis for AT-Cut Quartz Resonator Humidity Sensors
- Mitsuo Nakazawa, Mayumi Kuroiwa, Yoshiro Shimamoto, Hirosuke Iwahashi, Satoru Wakamoto

Research on Special Resonant Technologies in Photonics System
- Dai Enguaug

Langasite-Type Materials: From Discovery to Present State
- Boris. V. Mill, Yury. K. Pisarevsky

Properties of AT Cut Gallium Phosphate Resonators
- J. Dptaint, B. Capelle, O. Cambon, E. Philippot

Growth of Piezoelectric Single Crystals by the Pulling-Down Method
- H. Tanaka, H. Sakamoto, S. Hashimoto, K. Nagai, K. Kodaira

A New Class of Ordered Langasite Structure Compounds
- B. H. T. Chai, A. N. P. Bustamante, M. C. Chou

Growing the Large Lanthanum Gallium Silicate Single Crystals by Czochralski Method
- B. A. Dorogovin, S. Yu. Stepanov, A. B. Doubovski, A. A. Tsegleev, G. A. Lapteva, V. Y. Kurochkin, I. M. Philippov

Characterization of the Elastic Properties of Metrological Quartz Crystal Resonators Using Acoustic Force Microscopy
- Fabrice Sthal and Roger Bourquin

Piezoelectric, Dielectric and Elastic Properties of Germanium Dioxide Single Crystals
- Yu. V. Pisarevsky, O. Yu. Silvestrova, E. Phillippot, D. V. Balitsky, D. Yu. Pisharovsky, V. S. Balitsky,

Lateral Field Excitation Predictions for Plates of Langasite and Isomorphs Driven in Simple Thickness Modes
- Ajmal Khan and Arthur Ballato

Anelastic Loss in Langatate
- Ward Johnson, Sudook Kim, and Damian Lauria

Determination of the Piezoelectric Constants of LGS, LGS, & LGT
- Robert C. Smythe and G. Eric Hague

Homogeneity of Elastic Properties of Lanthanum Gallium Silicate Crystals
- B. A. Dorogovin, S. Yu. Stepanov, G. V. Semenkovich, A. B. Doubovski, I. M Philippov, Yu. P. Buglov, G. K. Danilova

Recent Measurements of Material Constants Versus Temperature for Langatate, Langanite and Langasite
- D. C. Malocha, M. P. Da Cunha, E. Adler, R. C. Smythe, S. Frederick, M. Chou, R. Helmbold and Y. S. Zhou

Study and Proposal of Alpha-Grade Evaluation Procedure for Synthetic Quartz Crystal
- M. Ikeda, M. Kurashige, S. Maeda, Y. Mikawa, K. Nagai, J. Takahashi, H. Takashima, M. Kyono, N. Yamamoto

Bulk Acoustic Waves Propagation in Li2B4O7 Piezoelectric Crystals Under the Static Uniaxial Mechanical Pressure
- Kiril S. Aleksandrov, Pavel P. Turchin, Boris P. Sorokin, Alexei A. Karpovich, Valerian A. Nefedov

The SAW Properties of Sputtered SiO2 on X-112° Y LiTaO3
- Fred S. Hickernell

Building Competitive Advantage Through Knowledge Management and E-Commerce in the Oscillator Manufacturing Industry
- Stephen M. Jarrett

Drive Level Dependence Versus Residual Phase Noise of Fifth Overtone AT Cut Quartz Crystals
- Perry Bates

Manufacturing Issues for a High Performance Crystal Oscillator
- Richard K. Karlquist, Hagop M. Stephanian

A New Quartz Blank Sorting Machine Including Optical and Extended X-Ray Inspection
- Hans Berger, Hans-Arthur Bradaczek, Harald Pianowski, Hans Bradaczek, and Gerhard Hildebrandt

CAD for Circuits with Piezoelectric Devices
- Randall W. Rhea

High-Frequency, Plano-Convex Quartz Oscillators Made by a Dual-Face Lapping Machine
- Yoshiaki Nagaura, Kazuhiro Kinoshita, Seiichi Yokomizo

Theory and Design of Crystal Oscillators Immune to Acceleration: Present State of the Art
- John A. Kosinski

A "Turnkey" Optoelectronic Oscillator with Low Acceleration Sensitivity
- Shouhua Huang, Meirong Tu, Steve Yao, and Lute Maleki

Direct Digital Synthesiser with Improved Spectrum at Low Frequencies
- Marian Angelov Taslakov

A Novel Architecture for ROM-Less Sine-Output Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers by Using the 2nd-Order Parabolic Approximation
- Amir M. Sodagar, G. Roientan Lahiji

Two-Dimensional Boundary Element Analysis of Quartz Surface Wave Resonators
- Mitsunori Denda and Yook-Kong Yong

Folded Type SAW Filters with Minimised Group Delay Deviation
- T. Omori, M. Tajima, K. Hashimoto, M. Yamaguchi, H. Horiuchi and M. Kadota

Analysis of High Velocity Pseudo-Surface Acoustic Waves (HVPSAW) in Quartz Periodic Structures with Electrode Fingers.
- Yook-Kong Yong and Shigeo Kanna

Animation of Calculated SAW Propagation Fields Under Periodic Grating Structures
- Ken-Ya Hashimoto, Tatsuya Omori and Masatsune Yamaguchi

Optimization of Inner Structure of Fan-Shaped SAW Transducers
- Evgeniy V. Bausk

SAW Resonators of SiO2/ZnO/Diamond Structure in GHz Range
- H. Nakahuta, A. Hachigo, K. Itakura, S. Fujii and S. Shikata

New Researches on Low Noise Signal Generation Based Upon Electronic Devices with Strong Surface Sensitivity
- Dai Enguang

Small Size STW Microwave Source with Temperature Compensation and Low G-Vibration Sensitivity
- Wei Zhou

Activity Dips in FC-Cut Resonators from Interaction with A Modes at Twice the Frequency
- Errol P. EerNisse

Analysis of Thickness Modes of Contoured, Doubly-Rotated Quartz Resonators
- Errol P. EerNisse

Extended Christoffel-Bechmann Elastic Wave Formalism for Piezoelectric, Dielectric Media
- Arthur Ballato

Implications of In-Plane Stretch and Thickness Compression Coupled to Flexure on the Lower Bound of BAW Acceleration Sensitivity
- John A. Kosinski and Robert A. Pastore, Jiashi Yang

A Low Profile Quartz Crystal Resonator for OCXO in Cellular Telephone System
- Tadayoshi Soga, Yuji Aoyama, Koichi Hara

Suppression of Inharmonic Modes Using Peripheral Electrodes in VHF Fundamental AT-Cut Resonators
- Hirokazu Iwata, Osamu Ishii, Ryoichi Yasuike, and Koichi Hirama

High-Temperature Acoustic Loss in Thickness-Shear Mode Quartz Resonators
- J. J. Martin

Lagrangean Temperature Coefficients of the Piezoelectric Stress Constants and Dielectric Permittivity of Quartz
- Yook-Kong Yong and Wu Wei

Mechanical Effects of Electrodes on the Vibrations of Quartz Crystal Plates
- P. C. Y. Lee and R. Huang

Sensitivity Coefficients of Doubly Rotated Quartz Plates Driven in Simple Thickness Modes
- Arthur Ballato and Robert I. Main

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Loss in Piezoelectric Ceramic Resonators
- R. A. Pastore Jr., A. Ballato, J. A. Kosinski, H. L. Cui

Characterization of Quartz Crystal Resonators on Phase Modulation Noise Without an Oscillator
- F. Sthal, M. Mourey, S. Galliou, F. Marionnet, R. J. Besson

Decoupling Effect of Stepped Mesa Structures on Spurious Vibrations of AT-Cut Quartz Plates
- Shigeyoshi Goka, Hitoshi Sekimoto and Yasuaki Watanabe

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Forced Piezoelectric Vibrations of Rectangular AT-Cut Quartz Plates and X-Cut LiTaO3 Plates
- Hitoshi Sekimoto, Masato Soga, Sigeyoshi Goka, and Yasuaki Watanabe

Influence of Non-Homogeneous Uniaxial Pressure on the Propagation of Bulk Acoustic Waves in Crystals
- Boris P. Sorokin, Aleksandr N. Marushyak, Kiril S. Aleksandrov

Elastic Anharmonicity and Elastic Constants Temperature Dependences of Different Quality Quartz Crystals
- Boris P. Sorokin, Dmitriy A. Giushkov, Pavel P. Turchin, Sergey K. Michailpta, Kirill S. Alehandrov, Alexander B. Doubovsky

Grooved AT-Cut Quartz Plate
- Ishizaki Akio

An Analysis of Frequency of a Quartz Crystal Tuning Fork by Sezawa's Approximation and Winkler's Foundation of the Supporting Elinvar Alloy Wire
- Dr. Hideaki Itoh, Dr. Yook-Kong Yong

Novel Technique for Dual-Mode Quartz Oscillators
- Dmitry P. Tsarapkin

Direct Mapping of the Vibartion Modes of Piezoelectric Devices Using White Beam Stroboscopic Topography at E.S.F.R.
- B. Capelle, J. Detaint, Y. Epelboin

Edge Supported ZnO Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators and Filter Design
- Q. X. Su, P. B. Kirby, E. Komuro and R. K. Whatmore

Various Ways to Temperature-Regulate an Ultrastable Quartz Oscillator
- Serge Galliou, Marc Mourey and Francois Marionnet

A Programmable Ultra-Low Noise X-Band Exciter
- Alexander MacMullen, L. R. Hoover, Roy D. Justice, Brian S. Caflahan

Study of the Oscillation Condition of Quartz Oscillators by Gyrator Transformation
- N. Ratiel, M. Addouche, D. Gillet, R. Brendel, J. Delportet

Ultra-Stable OCXO Using Dual-Mode Crystal Oscillator
- Yasuaki Watanabe, Kiyoharu Ozaki, Shigeyoshi Goka and Hitoshi Sekimoto

Experimental Verification of Compensation Phenomena in Oscillators with Two Multiple Modes
- Dmitry P. Tsarapkn, Michael I. Chichvarin, and Ilja A. Isakov

High-Q Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator Filter with Photonic Bandgap Spurious Mode Suppression
- Yu Ji, X. Steve Yao and Lute Maleki

Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator with Improved Frequency Stability
- S. Chang, A. G. Mann and A. N. Luiten

Cryo-Cooled Sapphire Oscillator Operating Above 35K
- G. John Dick and Rabi T. Wang

Analysis of the Rutile-Ring Method of Frequency Temperature Compensating a High-Q Whispering Gallery Sapphire Resonator
- Michael E. Tobar, John G. Hartnett, Guillaume Duchiron, Dominique Cros, Eugene N. Ivanov, Pierre Blondy, Pierre Guillon

Compact, High-Q, Zero Temperature Coefficient, TE011 Sapphire-Rutile Microwave Distributed Bragg Reflector Resonators
- Michael E. Tobar, Dominique Cros, Pierre Blondy, Eugene N. Ivanov

Cryogenic Composite Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Low-Phase Noise Frequency Standards
- M. Winter, N. Klein, L. Hao and J. C. Gallop

Cross Correlation Techniques Applied to the Measurement of PM and AM Noise in Pulsed Amplifiers
- Jose Francisco Garcia Nava, Craig W. Nelson, and F. L. Walls

Evaluation of Two Non-Standard Techniques for the Phase Noise Characterization at Microwave Frequencies
- O. Llopis, J. B. Juraver, M. Regis, M. Chaubet, J. Graffeuil

A Model for Phase Noise Generation in Amplifiers
- Toby-D Tomlin, Kevin Fynn, and Antonio Cantoni

Flicker Noise Reduction Using GaAs Microwave Feedforward Amplifiers
- Carl D. Broomfield, Jeremy K. A. Everard

Phase Noise of X-Band Regenerative Frequency Dividers
- M. Mossammaparast, C. McNeilage, P. Stockwell, J. H. Searls

1/f Frequency Noise of 2 GHz High-Q Over-Moded Sapphire Resonators
- E. S. Ferre-Pikal, M. C. Delgado Aramburo, F. L. Walls, and K. M. Lakin

Effect of Aliasing on Spurs and PM Noise in Frequency Dividers
- A. Sengupta and F. L. Walls

Nonlinear Dependencies and Phase Noise in Precision Crystal Oscillator
- D. V. Bogomolov, E. A. Silaev

Investigation of Device Low Frequency Noise in 28 GHz IC VCO
- Rumen Kozhuharov, Paulius Sakalas, Herbert Zirath

A Precision Frequency Standard Comparison Method and Instrument
- Wei Zhou, Jianguo Yu, Jie Li, Zongqiang Xuan, Hui Zhou

Quantum 1/f Effect in Ferroelectric LiNbO3 SAW Resonators
- Peter H. Handel and Chen S. Tsai

Frequency-Controlled Sources of Far-Infrared Radiation for Spaceborne Applications
- M. C. Gaidis, K. A. Lee, L. Samoska, R. A. Wyss

The Propagation of Stable Radio Frequency Signals Through the Atmosphere
- Charles Naudet, Christopher Jacobs, Steve Keihm, Gabor Lanyi, George Resch, Lance Riley, Hans Rosenberger, Alan Tanner

Time Transfer and TAI
- W. Lewandowski and J. Azoubib

Multi-Channel GPS/GLONASS Common-View Between NIST and USNO
- Victor S. Zhang, Thomas E. Parker, Marc A. Weiss, Francine M. Vannicola

Continuous Satellite Two- Way Time Transfer Using Commercial Modems
- T. P. Celano, S. P. Francis, G. A. Gifford

Synchronized Clock Using GPS Carrier Phase with Self-Calibration in Holdover Mode
- K.-Y. Tu, S.-S. Chen, C.-S. Liao, F.-R. Chang

Interplanetary Navigation Overview
- Dr. L. Alberto Cangahuala

Comparing Primary Frequency Standards at NIST and PTB
- Lisa M. Nelson, Juakh Levine, Peter Hetzel

Frequency Scales Generated from Carrier-Phase GPS Data
- Ken Senior, Demetrios Matsakis, and Lee Breakiron

Long Term Effects of Antenna Cables on GPS Timing Receivers
- M. A. Weiss

The Relativistic Red Shift with 2X10-17 Uncertainty at NIST, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
- Nikolaos K. Pavlis, Marc A. Weiss

A High-Stability Laser-Pumped Cs Gas-Cell Frequency Standard
- I. Ohuchi, H. Suga, M. Fujita, I. Suzuki, M. Uchino, K. Takahei, M. Tsuda, and Y. Saburi

Characterization of a Cold Cesium Source for PARCS: Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space
- T. P. Heavner, L. Hollberg, S. R. Jeflerts, J. Kitching, W. M. Kipstein, D. M. Meekhof, H. G. Robinson

Light Shift Compensation in a Rb Gas Cell Frequency Standard with Two-Laser-Pumping
- Jinquan Deng

Development of Flight Technology for Future Laser- Cooled Space Clocks
- W. M. Klipstein, R. J. Thompson, D. Seidel, L. Maleki

Nitrogen Buffer Gas Experiments in Mercury Trapped Ion Frequency Standards
- R. L. Tjoelker, S. Chung, W. Diener, A. Kirk, L. Maleki, J. D. Prestage, B. Young

Preliminary Results from the USNO Cesium Fountain
- Thomas B. Swanson, Eric A. Burt, Christopher R. Ekstrom

Race: Laser-Cooled Rb Microgravity Clock
- Chad Fertig, Kurt Gibble, Bill Klipstein, Lute Maleki, David Seidel, and Rob Thompson

Laser-Cooled Rb Clock
- Chad Fertig, Jeremie Bouttier, and Kurt Gibble

Microwave Frequency Reference Based on VCSEL- Driven Dark - Line Resonances in Cs Vapor
- J. Kitching, N. Vukicevic, L. Hollberg, S. Knappe, C. Aflolderbach, R. Wynands, W. Weidemann

An Ultra-Miniature Rubidium Frequency Standard
- Y. Koyama, H. Matsuura, K. Atsumi, K. Nakamuta, M. Sakai, I. Maruyama

The "Atomic Candle:" Progress Towards a Smart Rubidium Atomic Clock
- J. C. Camparo

Mercury-Ion Clock Based on Linear Multi-Pole Ion Trap
- John D. Prestage, Robert L. Tjoelker, and Lute Maleki

Development of a Miniature Laser-Cooled Cs Fountain Frequency Standard at NIST
- T. P. Heavner, D. M. Meekhof, D. Kujundzic, S. R. Jefferts

Accuracy Results from NIST-F1 Laser-Cooled Cesium Primary Frequency Standard
- S. R. Jefferts, D. M. Meekhof, J. H. Shirley, M. Stepanovic, T. E. Parker

Author Index